"arán" meaning in Old Irish

See arán in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈa.ɾaːn/
Etymology: Derived by Eric Hamp from Proto-Celtic *aragnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”. Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-|*ǵenh₁-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*aragnos}} Proto-Celtic *aragnos, {{der|sga|ine-pro||*h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os, {{compound|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-|*ǵenh₁-|lit=born of the plough|nocat=1|t1=to plough|t2=born}} *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough” Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} arán m, {{sga-noun|m}} arán m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|aráin}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=arán+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=aránu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=arán+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=aránaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=aránaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=arán+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=arán|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=arán+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=aráin+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=arán+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=aráin+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=arán|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=arán+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=aránu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=aráin|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], arán [nominative, singular], arán [dual, nominative], aráin [nominative, plural], aráin [singular, vocative], arán [dual, vocative], aránu [plural, vocative], arán [accusative, singular], arán [accusative, dual], aránu [accusative, plural], aráin [genitive, singular], arán [dual, genitive], arán [genitive, plural], arán [dative, singular], aránaib [dative, dual], aránaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], arán [error-unrecognized-form], pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments [error-unrecognized-form], n-arán [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. (rare) bread Tags: masculine, rare Synonyms: bairgen
    Sense id: en-arán-sga-noun-mFYEwrYC Categories (other): Breads Disambiguation of Breads: 65 35
  2. loaf of bread Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-arán-sga-noun-svYBt2SN Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 9 91 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 19 81 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 19 81

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "arán"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Manx",
          "lang_code": "gv",
          "word": "arran"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "aran"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "arán"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "4": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*aragnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aragnos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "3": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "lit": "born of the plough",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to plough",
        "t2": "born"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived by Eric Hamp from Proto-Celtic *aragnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-arán",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "arán m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "arán m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aráin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "arán+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "aránu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "arán+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "aránaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "aránaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "arán+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "arán",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "arán+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "aráin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "arán+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "aráin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "arán",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "arán+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "aránu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "aráin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Breads",
          "orig": "sga:Breads",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-arán-sga-noun-mFYEwrYC",
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) bread"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bairgen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loaf of bread"
      ],
      "id": "en-arán-sga-noun-svYBt2SN",
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈa.ɾaːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "arán"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "sga:Breads"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "arán"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Manx",
          "lang_code": "gv",
          "word": "arran"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "aran"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "arán"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "4": "*ǵenh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*aragnos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *aragnos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "3": "*ǵenh₁-",
        "lit": "born of the plough",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to plough",
        "t2": "born"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”",
      "name": "compound"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived by Eric Hamp from Proto-Celtic *aragnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ǵnh₁-os, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) + *ǵenh₁- (“born”), literally “born of the plough”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aráin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aránaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arán",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-arán",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "arán m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "arán m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aráin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "arán+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "aránu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "arán+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "aránaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "aránaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "arán+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "arán",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "arán+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "aráin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "arán+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "aráin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "arán",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "arán+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "aránu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "aráin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bread",
          "bread"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) bread"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bairgen"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loaf of bread"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loaf",
          "loaf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈa.ɾaːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "arán"
}

Download raw JSONL data for arán meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: arán/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "arán"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "arán",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "arán"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "arán",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "arán"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "arán",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.